AI HISTORY
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├── Key Turing Award Winners
│ ├─ 1969: Marvin Minsky → AI reasoning & knowledge representation
│ ├─ 1971: John McCarthy → Lisp & AI foundations
│ ├─ 1975: Allen Newell & Herbert Simon → Symbolic human problem-solving
│ ├─ 1994: Ed Feigenbaum & Raj Reddy → Expert systems for real-world
│ ├─ 2011: Judea Pearl → Probabilistic reasoning under uncertainty
│ └─ 2019: Bengio, Hinton, LeCun → Deep learning revolution
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├── Inception of AI (1943–1956)
│ ├─ 1943: McCulloch & Pitts → Artificial neuron model
│ ├─ 1949: Donald Hebb → Hebbian learning principle
│ ├─ 1950: Minsky & Edmonds → SNARC neural network computer
│ ├─ 1950: Alan Turing → Turing Test & ML ideas
│ └─ 1956: Dartmouth Workshop → Term "AI" coined
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├── Early Enthusiasm (1952–1969)
│ ├─ 1956: Arthur Samuel → Checkers program (reinforcement learning)
│ ├─ 1958: John McCarthy → Lisp & "Advice Taker"
│ └─ 1960s: Microworlds → Blocks world for planning & language
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├── Reality Check (1966–1973)
│ └─ AI overestimated → Slower progress due to real-world complexity
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├── Expert Systems (1969–1986)
│ ├─ 1969: DENDRAL → Chemical structure prediction
│ ├─ 1970s: MYCIN → Blood infection diagnosis
│ ├─ 1980: R1 → Configured computer orders (DEC)
│ └─ 1981: Fifth Generation Project → Japan’s AI initiative
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├── Return of Neural Networks (1986–present)
│ ├─ 1986: Backpropagation → Neural networks revival
│ └─ 1986: Parallel Distributed Processing → Connectionist models
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├── Probabilistic Reasoning & ML (1987–present)
│ ├─ 1988: Bayesian Networks (Judea Pearl) → Handling uncertainty
│ └─ 1988: Reinforcement Learning (Rich Sutton) → Robotics applications
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├── Big Data (2001–present)
│ ├─ 2009: ImageNet → Transformed computer vision
│ └─ 2011: IBM Watson → Jeopardy! natural language success
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└── Deep Learning (2011–present)
├─ 2012: ImageNet Competition → Hinton’s team breakthrough
└─ 2016: AlphaGo → Beat world champion in Go
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